The 302 TDA differential refractometer is an essential component for polymer analysis by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as gel permeation chromatography (GPC).This high-precision instrument measures the difference in refractive index between a sample and the solvent, providing crucial data for determining the concentration and molecular weight distribution of polymers.
The 302 TDA Differential Refractometer is a state-of-the-art instrument designed specifically for the analysis of polymers via size exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as gel permeation chromatography (GPC).This separation technique, based on the hydrodynamic volume of molecules, is fundamental to understanding the molecular mass distribution of polymers. Beyond its primary function in SEC analysis, the 302 TDA refractometer can also be used to determine the concentration of solutions, once calibrated.
In an SEC3 system, deflection refractometers are the most commonly used. Their operating principle is based on measuring the deviation of a light beam caused by the difference in refractive index between a sample-solvent mixture and the pure solvent. Since different types of polymers exhibit varying differential refractive index responses as a function of concentration (dn/dc), each type of polymer requires a unique RI response factor. Thus, the RI signal area is proportional to the product of the concentration, the injection volume and the inverse of the sample flow rate, but only for a given sample type. The RI area is precisely proportional to the amount of sample mass injected and its dn/dc value.
The 302 TDA model is designed to be connected directly to the outlet of an HPLC pump via a stainless steel tube with an internal diameter of 0.01 inch and a minimum length to optimise sample transfer and minimise artefacts.
The addition of other detectors, such as a viscometer and UV-PDA detector, enhances the analysis. The viscometer uses patented four-capillary bridge technology to minimise the influence of flow fluctuations and maximise detection sensitivity. Accurate measurement of the polymer or protein concentration profile is essential for obtaining reliable data on molecular weight or structure. The Viscotek UV-PDA 2501, with its high stability, is ideally suited for multi-detection GPC/SEC. It can be integrated into the Viscotek TDAmax to form a complete Tetra Detector system or used as a stand-alone module with other chromatographic components. This tool is excellent for compositional analysis of copolymers or protein conjugates.
The UV-PDA allows the molecular weight to be correlated with the complete UV spectrum. Precise and accurate temperature control is ensured by housing the detector cell in the same thermal chamber as the rest of the system, guaranteeing unrivalled baseline stability and data reproducibility. A single wavelength detector is also available.
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